Compliance with drug therapy is a much neglected part of the science o
f therapeutics. It is a particular problem with certain chronic diseas
es, for example, hypertension and diabetes; and certain classes of the
rapeutic agent, for example, anticoagulants and antiepileptics. Method
s for the monitoring of compliance are discussed and it is concluded t
hat the best available are either the electronic drug delivery system
or chemical monitoring with a suitable long half-life compound. Until
modern methods of measuring drug compliance are introduced, patients w
ill suffer disability and even death. It should also be mandatory for
controlled clinical trials of new therapeutic entities to include an a
cceptable mechanism (or method) for the assessment of adherence to the
protocol. If not, the results will be vitiated.