Four new species of pyrenocarpous lichens, viz. Anthracothecium obscur
atum, A. pseudoborbonicum, Pyrenula nova-granadensis and P. verruculos
a from the Neotropics and one new species Anthracothecium lifuense fro
m new Caledonia are described. The investigation of some specimens of
pyrenocarpous lichens, including types, borrowed from various importan
t herbaria of the world, proved to be a fascinating treasure hunt lead
ing to interesting observations. The study resulted in discovery of se
veral new taxa. Five of them are described in the following lines.