ANALYTICAL AND NUMERICAL-MODELS FOR PREDICTING SOIL FORCES ON NARROW TILLAGE TOOLS - A REVIEW

During the last three decades, a number of analytical and numerical mo dels for predicting soil forces on narrow tillage tools have been deve loped. These models are reviewed in this paper. The discussion of anal ytical models is focused on the soil failure zone and force equation, while the discussion of numerical models is focused on the soil consti tutive equation and stiffness matrix. The limitations and problems ass ociated with the models in predicting soil forces on tillage tools are also discussed.