Regardless of its cause, acute congestive heart failure requires immed
iate treatment that centers on reducing myocardial oxygen demand and a
ugmenting forward blood flow. In many patients, use of diuretics and v
asodilators is insufficient to rapidly reverse the course of the disea
se. In this article, Dr Levin describes aggressive therapy using diure
tics, vasodilators, catecholamines, and mechanical intervention, the c
ombination of which may prove lifesaving.