STANDARD PROBES FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELD MEASUREMENTS

This tutorial paper discusses various standard antennas for measuring radio-frequency electric and magnetic fields. A theoretical analysis o f each antenna's receiving characteristics is summarized and reference d. The standard probes described are an electrically short dipole, a r esistively-loaded dipole, a half-wave dipole, an electrically small lo op, and a resistively-loaded loop. A single-turn loop designed for sim ultaneous measurement of the electric and magnetic components of near- fields and other complex electromagnetic environments is also describe d. Each type of antenna demonstrates a different compromise between br oadband frequency response and sensitivity.