PROCESS-DEVELOPMENT FOR WASTE MINIMIZATION - THE RETROFITTING PROBLEM

The hierarchical decision procedure described by Douglas (1992) is eva luated and extended for retrofitting problems based on the experience gained from a number of industrial cases in which substantial environm entally favourable improvements have been made to processes on a one-o ff basis. Selected case studies (based on the publication of the Fribo urg Group of German and Swiss chemical firms) are reviewed with respec t to the analysis hierarchy for pollution source identification and th e synthesis hierarchy for retrofit measures. The achievements of the c ases are evaluated and used to refine, improve and extend the hierarch ical synthesis procedure for waste minimization to process retrofittin g.