In view of a recent epidemic of meningococcal disease caused by serogr
oup B N. meningitidis in the Greater S. Paulo area (Brazil), a review
of the epidemics that occurred in Brazil during the period from 1900 t
o 1990 is presented. The current status of vaccines against N. meningi
tidis A.C.Y. and W135 is analysed. The recent advances in the developm
ent and effectiveness of B. meningococci vaccines are discussed.