COULOMB-BLOCKADE THERMOMETRY

One dimensional arrays of normal metal tunnel junctions have been foun d to exhibit properties which are very suitable for primary and second ary thermometry in a lithographically adjustable temperature range whi ch extends over about two decades. The thermometer is remarkably insen sitive to nonuniformities in the actual pattern and to even strong mag netic fields. We also discuss the behaviour of this device at very low temperatures where the hot electron effect due to poor electron phono n coupling ultimately takes over and at very high temperatures where t he finite tunnel barrier effects appear. Short arrays, and especially single tunnel junctions show interesting deviations from the universal behaviour of the long array.