This paper describes the primary directions of investigations and deve
lopments in the area of scientific and applied photography that have b
een pursued by staff members of the State Optical Institute (GOI) sinc
e the establishment of the photographic sector in 1921 to provide for
high-quality recording of images formed by optical systems. The paper
points out the large contribution of GOI to the creation of the photog
raphic industry in our country, the development of theoretical princip
les of photographic processes, and the establishment of the technology
of silver-halide and some new nonsilver recording media.