The history of pediatric hematology and oncology in ancient and modern
Greece is reviewed. Ancient Greek literature concerning cancer starts
with Hippocrates, is enriched by Galen during the 2nd century AD, and
ends with the end of the Byzantine period. Hematology and oncology in
modern Greece were adopted as fields of special interest by a few Gre
ek pediatricians. Their work constituted the basis for and the start o
f pediatric hematology and oncology, which has followed the advances o
f science ever since.