Ss. Pakhale et al., THE DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL PARTICULATE MATTER (TPM) AND NICOTINE BETWEEN MAINSTREAM AND SIDESTREAM SMOKE IN BIDIS AND CIGARETTES, Analytical letters, 30(2), 1997, pp. 383-394
The mainstream (MS) and sidestream (SS) smoke of three types of popula
r Indian cigarettes, a brand of low tar Indian cigarettes, a brand of
US cigarettes and two brands of popular Indian bidis were analysed for
carcinogenic total particulate matter (TPM) and nicotine levels emplo
ying standard smoking conditions and/or modified smoking standards. Th
e analysis clearly demonstrated relatively higher levels of TPM and ni
cotine in MS of three types of popular Indian cigarettes when compared
with a brand of low tar Indian cigarettes or a brand of US cigarettes
or reported values for MS of western cigarettes. This was also reflec
ted in MS/SS ratios of TPM and nicotine as TPM and nicotine levels in
SS of Indian and US cigarettes were similar, when tested employing sta
ndard smoking conditions. Comparative analysis of Indian bidis/cigaret
tes and a brand of US cigarettes employing modified smoking standard (
i.e. 2 puffs/min instead of 1 puff/min) revealed significantly lower v
alues of TPM and nicotine in SS of Indian bids when compared with corr
esponding values in Indian/US cigarettes. This shows that contribution
of TPM and nicotine in SS from a single bidi to environmental tobacco
smoke (ETS) is very much less than that of a-single cigarette, and co
ntribution of SS from Indian and US cigarettes to ETS appear to be sim
ilar. Reduced levels of TPM and nicotine in SS of bidis, probably due
to lack of added burning agents, result into relatively higher deliver
ies of TPM and nicotine in MS as reflected by higher MS/SS values.