E. Lindner et al., POLYSILOXANE-BOUND ETHER PHOSPHINES AND RUTHENIUM COMPLEXES - A CHARACTERIZATION BY SOLID-STATE NMR-SPECTROSCOPY AND CATALYSIS, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 116(1), 1994, pp. 348-361
The monomeric ether-phosphine ligands (CH3O)3Si(CH2)3(Ph)PCH2D [D = CH
2OCH3 (1a), tetrahydrofuryl (1b), and 1,4-dioxanyl (1c)] and their P-c
oordinated trimethoxysilyl- (T-) functionalized ruthenium(II) complexe
s HRuCl(CO)(P approximately 0)3 (3a-c) were copolymerized with variabl
e amounts of Si(OEt)4 (Q elements) under various sol-gel conditions to
give the polysiloxane-bound ether-phosphine ligands 1a'(Q(n))x-1c'(Q(
n))x and (ether-phosphine)ruthenium-(II) complexes 3a'(Q(n))x-3c'(Q(n)
)x, [P approximately O: eta1-P-coordinated; (Q(n))x: x = number of coc
ondensated Q type silicon atoms, n = 2-4, the number of Si-O-Si bonds]
. Detailed P-31 and C-13 spin-lattice relaxation time studies (T1P, T1
C, T1rhoH) show that the noncomplexed ether-phosphine ligands strongly
increase their mobilities in the gels at rising temperatures, while t
he coordinated ligands in the complexes are less mobile and rigidly bo
und to ruthenium. Solid-state Si-29 NMR spectroscopy has been used to
determine the relative amounts of the T and Q silyl species and the de
gree of condensation. Moreover, the molecular mixing of the copolymeri
zed components in the samples has been investigated and the transition
to the silica gel attached system 3c'-silica gel elucidated. The mate
rials, obtained by the different sol-gel variants, differ in their amo
unt of Q species, degree of condensation, and their particle sizes, wh
ich strongly influence their catalytic behavior. Although the BET surf
aces are in the range of the external surface of the gels, a high cata
lytic activity has been found when small particle sizes have been comb
ined with a low content of Q silicon moieties. This can be traced back
to a high flexibility of such materials, which allows swelling and an
increase of the surface during hydrogenation of n-butyraldehyde to bu
tanol within the gel. The undesired tendency to form highly swollen ge
ls in alcohols after catalysis, which complicate the separation of the
catalysts from the products, has been suppressed without loss of cata
lytic activity by the use of a modified matrix containing small amount
s of insoluble ionic magnesium silicates. Constant elemental analyses
of this material after three identical catalytic runs demonstrate the.
possibilities of this system, which unifies the advantages of organic
and inorganic polymer networks and those of homogeneous and heterogen
eous catalyses.