Lj. Hardie et al., HUMAN TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA INFLUENCES RAINBOW-TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS LEUKOCYTE RESPONSES, Veterinary immunology and immunopathology, 40(1), 1994, pp. 73-84
Human recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha (rTNFalpha) and rainbow
trout macrophage activating factor (postulated gamma-interferon (gamma
-IFN) analogue) synergised to elevate the respiratory burst activity o
f trout macrophages. This elevated response may parallel phenomena des
cribed in mammals where TNFalpha and gamma-IFN commonly synergise. Hum
an rTNFalpha also synergised with mitogenic stimuli to heighten prolif
eration responses of trout head kidney leucocytes. These data are indi
cative of a conserved TNFalpha receptor on trout leucocytes (and possi
bly the TNFalpha molecule itself) and support the notion of an interac
tive cytokine network regulating immune responses in fish.