The current wave of appellate decisions interpreting the scope of the
federal bank fraud statute has, according to the author, limited the s
cope of the statute and resulted in a wide variance in judicial interp
retation of the statute among the federal circuit courts. The author d
iscusses the genesis of the bank fraud statute, its concept of ''schem
e or artifice to defraud,'' and the variety of conflicting appellate d
ecisions involving the prosecution of check kites, with particular emp
hasis on the Lemons decision and the controversy over multiplicity.