A. Bauer et R. Ludeke, DIRECT DETERMINATION OF IMPACT IONIZATION QUANTUM YIELD IN SI BY BALLISTIC-ELECTRON-EMISSION MICROSCOPY, Physical review letters, 72(6), 1994, pp. 928-931
Ballistic-electron-emission spectroscopy on Si(111)-(7 x 7) patches in
pinholes of thin NiSi2 films on n-type Si(111) reveals collector curr
ents as high as 210% of the tunneling current at a tip bias of 10 V. T
his electron multiplication is assigned to impact ionization in Si. It
s quantum yield up to 7 eV kinetic energy is extracted from the spectr
a and compared to recent theoretical results.