CAPTURE-RECAPTURE STUDIES FOR MULTIPLE STRATA INCLUDING NON-MARKOVIANTRANSITIONS

We consider capture-recapture studies where release and recapture data are available from each of a number of strata on every capture occasi on. Strata may, for example, be geographic locations or physiological states. Movement of animals among strata occurs with unknown probabili ties, and estimation of these unknown transition probabilities is the objective. We describe a computer routine for carrying out the analysi s under a model that assumes Markovian transitions and under reduced-p arameter versions of this model. We also introduce models that relax t he Markovian assumption and allow ''memory'' to operate (i.e., allow d ependence of the transition probabilities on the previous state). For these models, we suggest an analysis based on a conditional likelihood approach. Methods are illustrated with data from a large study on Can ada geese (Branta canadensis) banded in three geographic regions. The assumption of Markovian transitions is rejected convincingly for these data, emphasizing the importance of the more general models that allo w memory.