The influence of distribution of high-density (N-d) dislocations forme
d due to toning at 20 K upon the superconducting transition temperatur
e T-c of single-crystal Nb is studied. For uniformly distributed dislo
cations in the range N-d = (6-13). 10(10) cm(-2) the experimental incr
ement of T-c agrees with calculation within the model of additional el
ectron attraction due to dislocation oscillations. When rotational pla
sticity occurs, the sharp rise of T-c is connected with growing fields
of elastic stresses.