Analysis of data from a direct simulation of statistically steady homo
geneous turbulence suggests that the vorticity tubes, which constitute
the main structure of the vorticity field, are produced by shear inst
abilities. This is confirmed by a decay calculation, in which vorticit
y sheets appear at first, and then roll up to form the first tubes. Th
ese instabilities seem to be at least as important as vortex stretchin
g in transferring energy from large to small scales.