After Robert E. Gross' historic ligation of a persistent ductus arteri
osus in August 1938, it took 6 years before the first coarctation was
operated on. Gross initiated experimental procedures directed at repai
r of coarctation even before the ductal operation had been performed.
He had the desire, the drive, and the determination. Why the delay tha
t allowed Clarence Crafoord to perform the first coarctation repair in
October 1944?