AN ANALYTICAL MODEL FOR CLOSE COMBAT DYNAMICS

A coherent dynamic combat model is developed from basic principles. Th e governing set of equations has a striking resemblance to the continu ity equation in fluid dynamics with an additional term for the losses of combat units. The salient features of the model are a moving battle front, the replenishment of losses, and the withdrawal of combat unit s while others are still engaged. A basic example shows that the often used force ratio of three can produce a frontline movement up to 90% of the speed of the attacker. Another example simulates a well documen ted battle from the American Civil War. It is shown that terrain influ ences and the absence of reconnaissance had a large adverse effect on the outcome of the battle for the Confederate forces.