In. Filimonov et al., THE NATURE OF ELECTRON-TRANSFER IN OXIDE CATALYSTS .1. THE FORMATION OF PARAMAGNETIC PALLADIUM IONS IN PD Y2O3 AND PD/LA2O3/, Kinetics and catalysis, 34(5), 1993, pp. 809-816
Palladium-promoted yttrium and lanthanum oxides are capable of stabili
zing considerable amounts of paramagnetic Pd+ and Pd3+ ions in the bul
k and on the surface. Although all surface palladium ions are coordina
tively saturated, they are highly labile in redox processes.