EVALUATION OF EQUINE HIGH-RISK PREGNANCY

Equine pregnancy that can potentially result in maternal or fetal inju ry is considered high risk. Identifying high-risk pregnancies and dete rmining the severity of fetal injury can be difficult. Historical info rmation from previous pregnancies as well as information from the pres ent gestation can provide valuable data. Maternal physical and reprodu ctive examinations, transabdominal fetal ultrasonography, and laborato ry data can also assist veterinarians in assessing maternal and fetal health, fetal maturity, and the potential for maternal or fetal injury . Parturition can occur spontaneously, by induction, or via hysterotom y. Spontaneous births should be assisted, if necessary. Induction of p arturition is performed either without concern for fetal survival (abo rtion) or with fetal survival as a primary goal. If fetal survival is important, induction should be performed with caution. Before inductio n, the health status of the mare and fetus as well as fetal maturity s hould be determined. Owners should be informed of the risks and the co sta of neonatal intensive care before the induction of parturition. Hy sterotomies can be performed on an elective basis (if a high-risk preg nancy is identified prepartum) or on an emergency basis (if dystocia o ccurs). Dystocia can be caused by a high-risk pregnancy or can result in high-risk pregnancy because of the potential for fetal asphyxia or maternal reproductive tract trauma. In addition to hysterotomy, dystoc ia can be treated by manipulation and traction or fetotomy. The method of treatment is dictated by fetal viability, cause of dystocia, clini cian's preference, and financial constraints.