NEURONAL PLASTICITY THAT UNDERLIES IMPROVEMENT IN PERCEPTUAL PERFORMANCE

The electrophysiological properties of sensory neurons in the adult co rtex are not immutable but can change in response to alterations of se nsory input caused by manipulation of afferent pathways in the nervous system or by manipulation of the sensory environment. Such plasticity creates great potential for flexible processing of sensory informatio n, but the actual effects of neuronal plasticity on perceptual perform ance are poorly understood. The link between neuronal plasticity and p erformance was explored here by recording the responses of directional ly selective neurons in the visual cortex while rhesus monkeys practic ed a familiar task involving discrimination of motion direction. Each animal experienced a short-term improvement in perceptual sensitivity during daily experiments; sensitivity increased by an average of 19 pe rcent over a few hundred trials. The increase in perceptual sensitivit y was accompanied by a short-term improvement in neuronal sensitivity that mirrored the perceptual effect both in magnitude and in time cour se, which suggests that improved psychophysical performance can result directly from increased neuronal sensitivity within a sensory pathway .