The extension problem of semibounded symmetric operators and symmetric
operators with a pp is studied in detail. Using a suitable representa
tion (Krein model) for the inverses of those operators a parameterizat
ion of their symmetric and self-adjoint extensions is introduced which
improves Krein's famous extension theory. In particular, the paramete
rization clearly shows which self-adjoint extensions in the gap case c
orrespond to Friedrichs and v. Neumann or Krein extensions in the semi
bounded case. Moreover, special properties of the extensions as the ex
actness of the gap are characterized in terms of the parameters.