A critical review has been carried out of models of possible future hu
man actions during the long-term post-closure period of a radioactive
waste repository. Various Markov models have been considered as altern
atives to the more conventional Poisson model, and the problems of par
ameterisation have been addressed. Where the Poisson model unduly exag
gerates the intrusion risk, some form of Markov model may have to be i
ntroduced. This situation may well arise for shallow repositories, but
it is thought less likely for deep repositories. Consideration of sta
te transitions within a Markov model highlights the value of increasin
g the availability of site information.