Op. John et al., THE LITTLE 5 - EXPLORING THE NOMOLOGICAL NETWORK OF THE 5-FACTOR MODEL OF PERSONALITY IN ADOLESCENT BOYS, Child development, 65(1), 1994, pp. 160-178
The California Child Q-set (CCQ) was used to explore the structure of
personality in early adoloscence and to develop scales to measure the
''Big Five'' dimensions: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousnes
s, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience. Mothers provided Q-sorts o
f 350 ethnically diverse boys between 12 and 13 years old. Analyses of
the construct validity of the scales provided a nomological network r
elating the Big Five to theoretically and socially important criterion
variables, such as juvenile delinquency, Externalizing and Internaliz
ing disorders of childhood psychopathology, school performance, IQ, SE
S, and race. These effects were obtained using diverse methods, includ
ing self-reports from the boys, ratings by their mothers and their tea
chers, and objective-test data. In addition to the Big Five, analyses
also suggested 2 possibly age-specific dimensions of personality in ea
rly adolescence. Discussion is focused on the changing manifestations
of personality traits throughout development.