COOLING-INDUCED RETROGRADE-AMNESIA REFLEXES PAVLOVIAN CONDITIONING ASSOCIATIONS IN LIMAX-FLAVUS

The relationships between cooling-induced retrograde amnesia and assoc iations in Pavlovian conditioning in the terrestrial mollusk Limax fla vus were studied. In the first experiment, the slugs were conditioned to avoid carrot odor and the experimental conditions required for amne sia induction were studied. Memory reactivation before cooling was fou nd to be necessary for amnesia induction and the induced amnesia was s elective for the reactivated memory. In the subsequent experiments, sl ugs were conditioned to avoid both carrot and cucumber odors using one of three Pavlovian conditioning paradigms, namely two-independent fir st-order conditioning, phase-2-sequential second-order conditioning an d phase-2-simultaneous second-order conditioning, after which amnesia was induced by cooling immediately after presentation of one of the co nditioning odors. The amnesia pattern induced differed depending upon the conditioning procedure used, which indicated that amnesia inductio n was related closely to stimulus associations in slugs. The possible role of cooling-induced retrograde amnesia as a tool for studying memo ry associations is also discussed.