DUAL MECHANISM FOR METAL-POLYMER CONTACT ELECTRIFICATION

Contact charging and triboelectrification are considered a non-equilib rium two-step process consisting of instantaneous bond-forming and bon d-breaking. Our proposed concept of a dual mechanism for metal-polymer contact electrification is based on a coexistence model with electron s (or holes) as charge carriers in the formation of a donor-acceptor c omplex which involves two terms: Coulombic or electrostatic and fronti er orbital or charge transfer. The former is long-range and ionic, whi le the latter is short range (less-than-or-equal-to 4 angstrom) and el ectronic. Therefore, for the bond-forming step, both ionic and electro nic transfer mechanisms are involved as in a continuum. For the bond-b reaking step, air breakdown and bond fracture have been found by Dicki nson to be accompanied by the electron emission (EE) and positive ion emission (PIE). Recently, a similar dual mechanism of bond-breaking fo r frictional electrification has been shown by Sakaguchi and Kashiwaba ra to involve both mechanoradicals and mechanoions. Thus, our concept of a dual mechanism for contact electrification between metal and poly mer is consistent with the two-step non-equilibrium process, and this concept may be applied to help understand some unanswered questions ab out contact charging and charge accumulation.