Aminoacyl-tRNAs are key components in protein synthesis. They are form
ed directly by correct acylation of tRNA (by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
s) or indirectly by tRNA-dependent transformation of misacylated tRNAs
. The accuracy of aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis is enhanced by a number of
further protein-RNA or protein-protein interactions, some of which are
restricted to Archaea, and might reflect adaptation mechanisms to div
erse conditions.