P. Molina et al., IMINOPHOSPHORANE-MEDIATED IMIDAZOLE RING FORMATION - A NEW AND GENERAL ENTRY TO APLYSINOPSIN-TYPE ALKALOIDS OF MARINE ORIGIN, Tetrahedron, 50(7), 1994, pp. 2241-2254
Aza Wittig-type reactions of iminophosphoranes 21, derived from ethyl
alpha-azido-beta-(3-indolyl)propenoates and triphenylphosphine, with m
ethyl isocyanate, carbon dioxide or carbon disulfide provide the corre
sponding heterocumulenes 22, 25 and 28 which undergo cyclization by th
e action of nitrogenous reagents completing the assemblage of the fram
ework of aplysinopsin. Further deprotection leads to naturally occurri
ng aplysinopsin analogues.