HOMOGENIZATION OF SWEDISH TEMPERATURE DATA .2. HOMOGENIZED GRIDDED AIR-TEMPERATURE COMPARED WITH A SUBSET OF GLOBAL GRIDDED AIR-TEMPERATURESINCE 1861

Homogeneity tests of long seasonal temperature series from Sweden, Den mark, Finland, and Norway indicate that homogeneous series are rare an d that an abrupt change of the relative mean level is a much more comm on type of nonhomogeneity than a gradual change. Furthermore, negative shifts were 20% more common than positive shifts. Homogenized tempera ture anomaly series that were constructed for six 5 degrees latitude x 5 degrees longitude grid boxes indicate that the temporal pattern of temperture changes has been similar in different parts of Sweden since 1861. The annual mean temperature over Sweden was found to have incre ased by 0.68 degrees C from the period 1861-1890 to 1965-1994. The cor responding changes for the seasons were: +0.18 degrees C (winter), +1. 40 (spring), +0.42 (summer) and +0.60 (autumn). A direct comparson sho ws that non-homogeneities in the temperature series from individual gr id boxes in a global data set can be as large as the total changes obs erved. We estimate that a 95 per cent confidence interval for the erro r, due to non-homogeneous long station records, in estimates of hemisp heric temperature changes over land regions since the period 1861-1890 is +/-0.1 degrees C for the Northern Hemisphere and the globe and +/- 0.25 degrees C for the Southern Hemisphere. For a region consisting of about five grid boxes, this error is +/-0.5 degrees C. The large non- homogeneities in individual grid-box series in the global data set is partly a consequence of the fact that homogeneous climate data are not always easily available for the open research community. We urge that efforts are made to improve this situation.