HEPATITIS-C VIRAL MARKERS IN PATIENTS WHO RECEIVED BLOOD THAT WAS POSITIVE FOR HEPATITIS-C VIRUS CORE ANTIBODY, WITH GENETIC-EVIDENCE OF HEPATITIS-C VIRUS TRANSMISSION

Background: Despite the use of the anti-c100-3 assay for blood donor s creening, posttransfusion non-A,non-B hepatitis still occurred. A more sensitive assay should be developed to prevent this. Study Design and Methods: Stored serum specimens from 2020 healthy blood donors who we re negative for c100-3 antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV) were retros pectively screened for the presence of antibodies against a core prote in of HCV using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis as part of a study on posttransfusion non-A,non-B hepatitis. Results: Eight (0.4%) of the 2020 donors were positive for HCV core an tibody. Posttransfusion non-A,non-B hepatitis occurred in 5 of five pa tients known to have received blood that was positive for HCV core ant ibody and 1 of 141 patients transfused with blood that was negative fo r HCV core antibody. The total incidence of posttransfusion non-A,non- B hepatitis was 4.1 percent (6/146). The nucleotide sequence of the no nstructural 5 region of the HCV genome obtained from two donors and co rresponding recipients was also analyzed. The HCV genome sequences wer e identical for one donor-recipient pair, and there was 99.4-percent h omology for a second pair. Conclusion: Anti-core-positive blood proved to be highly infectious for HCV, and this validated the use of the se cond-generation anti-HCV assay for blood donor screening.