Mode-mixing in a thin-film x-ray waveguide with 4-6 Angstrom interfaci
al roughness was analyzed using a formalism based on the coupled power
theory for optical waveguides. The mode mixing was found to occur bet
ween nearest-neighbor modes with a uniform probability of similar to 1
.1% per bounce. The small mixing probability and the nearest-neighbor
selection rule are consistent with a mixing mechanism arising from dif
fuse scattering, which at subcritical angles of incidence displays dra
matically different behavior in x-ray waveguides than in optical count
erparts.