Many new agents are currently being evaluated in clinical trials to de
termine their efficacy in treating patients infected with HIV-1. Nucle
oside analogs which inhibit HIV reverse-transcriptase continue to be t
he mainstay of therapy. Recent observations, published during this rev
iew period, questioned the most appropriate time to initiate antiretro
viral therapy and have forced the re-examination of previous recommend
ations. This review will address the recent and significant findings f
or monotherapy, combination therapy and immunotherapy for HIV-1 infect
ion and discuss the trend towards a more individualized therapeutic ap
proach in managing patients infected with HIV-1.