Rg. Stern et al., A LONGITUDINAL-STUDY OF ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE - MEASUREMENT, RATE, AND PREDICTORS OF COGNITIVE DETERIORATION, The American journal of psychiatry, 151(3), 1994, pp. 390-396
Objective: This study measured the annual rate of cognitive change in
patients with Alzheimer's disease and determined the effects of clinic
al variables on that rate. It also compared the ability of two cogniti
ve scales to measure change over the entire range of dementia severity
. Method: The cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment
Scale and the Blessed test for information memory and concentration w
ere given to 111 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 72 nondemented
elderly comparison subjects at 6-month intervals for up to 90 months.
Longitudinal changes in scores on the cognitive subscale were measured
with several different methods of data analysis. Results: For the pat
ients with Alzheimer's disease, the annual rate of change in cognitive
subscale scores showed a quadratic relationship with dementia severit
y in which deterioration was slower for mildly and severely demented p
atients than for patients with moderate dementia, Gender, age at onset
, and family history of dementia had no effect on the rate of cognitiv
e deterioration. The comparison group showed a slight improvement in c
ognitive performance over time. All data analytic methods gave similar
results. The cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment
Scale was more Sensitive to change in both mild and severe dementia t
han was the Blessed test. Conclusions: These results suggest that cogn
itive deterioration is slow during the early and very late stages of A
lzheimer's disease and more rapid during the middle stages. No clinica
l variables other than degree of cognitive impairment and previous rat
e of cognitive decline predicted rate of deterioration. These results
have implications for treatment trials and attempts to identify subgro
ups.