UNIVERSALITY AND SCALING AT THE ONSET OF QUANTUM BLACK-HOLE FORMATION

In certain two-dimensional models, collapsing matter forms a black hol e if and only if the incoming energy flux exceeds the Hawking radiatio n rate. Near the critical threshold, the black hole mass is given by a universal formula in terms of the distance from criticality, and ther e exists a scaling solution describing the formation and evaporation o f an arbitrarily small black hole.