A key feature differentiating cooperative animal societies is the appo
rtionment of reproduction among individuals. Only recently have studie
s started to focus on intraspecific variability in the distribution of
reproduction within animal societies, and the available data suggest
that this variability might be greater than previously suspected. How
can one account for intra- and interspecific variability in partitioni
ng of reproduction? This is one of the most intriguing problems in the
study of social behaviour, and understanding the factors underlying t
his variability is one of the keys to understanding the properties of
complex animal societies.