The discussion of quality issues in Papua New Guinea requires that att
ention be focused on what is known about the actual quality of the hea
lth care provided in Papua New Guinea. Since 1987 there has been incre
asing evidence that there are serious deficits in the quality of care
in rural areas and that there are similar problems in the country's ho
spitals. This paper summarizes what is known and discusses the implica
tions for the development of quality assurance activities in Papua New
Guinea. The paper concludes that many of the deficiencies observed ar
e amenable to improvement through simple and inexpensive means and tha
t with sustained commitment, improvements are achievable.