Periareolar nonpuerperal breast infection is a troublesome entity whos
e treatment is still a matter of debate. Thirty-eight female patients-
9 with acute infection and 29 with chronic infection-were prospectivel
y studied over a 3-year period. Sixty isolates were harvested from 50
pus specimens obtained by fine-needle aspiration, with a predominance
of staphylococci (23 isolates) and peptostreptococci (18 isolates). On
the basis of these findings, an antimicrobial regimen consisting most
often of amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid was administered for 6-8 we
eks. Simultaneous surgery was required in 13 cases (34.2%). Despite a
good response during therapy, 7 (21.9%) of 32 patients relapsed during
a follow-up period of less than or equal to 3 years; all 7 patients h
ad presented with chronic infection. We conclude that prolonged therap
y with agents active against both staphylococci and anaerobes is essen
tial in periareolar breast infection; in cases with an established fis
tula, radical surgery (i.e., fistulotomy or fistulectomy) appears inev
itable.