Sj. Hollister et N. Kikuchi, HOMOGENIZATION THEORY AND DIGITAL IMAGING - A BASIS FOR STUDYING THE MECHANICS AND DESIGN PRINCIPLES OF BONE TISSUE, Biotechnology and bioengineering, 43(7), 1994, pp. 586-596
Bone tissue is a complex multilevel composite which has the ability to
sense and respond to its mechanical environment. It is believed that
bone cells called osteocytes within the bone matrix sense the mechanic
al environment and determine whether structural alterations are needed
. At present it is not known, however, how loads are transferred from
the whole bone level to cells. A computational procedure combining rep
resentative volume element (RVE) based homogenization theory with digi
tal imaging is proposed to estimate strains at various levels of bone
structure. Bone tissue structural organization and RVE based analysis
are briefly reviewed. The digital image based computational procedure
was applied to estimate strains in individual trabeculae (first-level
microstructure). Homogenization analysis of an idealized model was use
d to estimate strains at one level of bone structure around osteocyte
lacunae (second-level trabecular microstructure). The results showed t
hat strain at one level of bone structure is amplified to a broad rang
e at the next microstructural level. In one case, a zero-level tensile
principal strain of 495 mu E engendered strains ranging between -1000
and 7000 mu E in individual trabeculae (first-level microstructure).
Subsequently, a first-level tensile principal strain of 1325 mu E with
in an individual trabecula engendered strains ranging between 782 and
2530 mu E around osteocyte lacunae. Lacunar orientation was found to i
nfluence strains around osteocyte lacunae much more than lacunar ellip
ticity. In conclusion, the computational procedure combining homogeniz
ation theory with digital imaging can provide estimates of cell level
strains within whole bones. Such results may be used to bridge experim
ental studies of bone adaptation at the whole bone and cell culture le
vel. (C) 1994 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.