Lj. Sanna et Pa. Pusecker, SELF-EFFICACY, VALENCE OF SELF-EVALUATION, AND PERFORMANCE, Personality & social psychology bulletin, 20(1), 1994, pp. 82-92
In two experiments, self-efficacy theory was used to conceptualize the
effect of efficacy expectancies and valence of self-evaluation on per
formance. In Experiment 1, efficacy expectancies were manipulated by p
ractice item difficulty and feedback, and self-evaluation was manipula
ted by providing a standard of comparison. In Experiment 2, efficacy e
xpectancies developed spontaneously while participants performed easy
or difficult tasks, and the potential for self-evaluation was crossed
with the potential for experimenter evaluation. In both experiments, a
s predicted, in the high-efficacy condition, self-evaluation participa
nts performed better than no-self-evaluation participants, whereas in
the low-efficacy condition, self-evaluation participants performed wor
se than no-self-evaluation participants. In addition, in Experiment 2,
the equivalence of self-evaluation and experimenter evaluation was de
monstrated. Implications for self-efficacy and self-evaluation process
es are discussed.