Fj. Ocampotorres et al., LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS OF MASS-TRANSFER OF CARBON-DIOXIDE AND WATER-VAPOR FOR SMOOTH AND ROUGH FLOW CONDITIONS, Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology, 46(1), 1994, pp. 16-32
Mass transfer rates of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) have been
measured in a 32-m wind-wave tunnel, with a beach in the middle provid
ing 2 sections of 16 m fetch. The wind speed (referred to 10 m) range
explored was 1 to 24 m/s, covering a full range of aerodynamic conditi
ons from smooth to fully rough. A pronounced minimum in the Dalton num
ber for both CO2 and H2O is revealed. The minimum Dalton number, at wi
nd speeds between 2 and 3 m/s, indicates a characteristic common point
in the transfer mechanism for both gas and aqueous phase controlled c
onstituents. This point corresponds to the occurrence of the first win
d generated wavelets. At higher winds, the transfer rates of CO2 incre
ase more rapidly than those of H2O, reflecting the increased importanc
e of wave-generated turbulence for the ventilation of water phase limi
ted compounds at the air-water interface.