The QCD expectations for the behaviour of the deep inelastic scatterin
g structure functions in the region of small values of the Bjorken par
ameterxare summarized. The Balitzkij, Lipatov, Fadin, Kuraev (BFKL) eq
uation which sums the leading powers of alpha(s) In(1/x) is described
and confronted with the ''conventional'' formalism based on the leadin
g order QCD evolution equations. The small x behaviour of the spin dep
endent structure function g(1) is also discussed. The dedicated measur
ements of the hadronic final state in deep inelastic scattering at sma
ll a: probing the QCD pomeron are described. This includes discussion
of the deep inelastic scattering accompanied by forward jets as well a
s production of forward prompt photons and pi(0)-s. Finally the basic
facts concerning the deep inelastic diffraction are briefly summarized
.