PROTEIN-S BINDS TO AND INHIBITS FACTOR-XA

Although human protein S binds to human factor Va and inhibits prothro mbinase activity, this inhibition is not totally dependent on factor V a. Hence, we investigated possible interaction of protein S with human factor Xa. Factor Xa, diisopropylphospho-factor Xa and their biotin d erivatives ligand blotted specifically to protein S and protein S liga nd blotted specifically to factor X and factor Xa. Biotinylated factor s X and Xa bound to immobilized protein S and, reciprocally, protein S bound to immobilized factor Xa with a K(d) of almost-equal-to 19 nM. In fluid phase, protein S bound to factor Xa with a K(d) of almost-equ al-to 18 nM. Protein S at 33 nM reversibly inhibited 50% of factor Xa amidolytic activity. Protein S inhibition of prothrombin conversion to thrombin by factor Xa was phospholipidin-dependent and was 1.6 times stimulated by Ca2+ ions. Inhibition of prothrombinase activity by prot ein S was 2.3-fold more potent in the presence of factor Va, with 50% inhibition at almost-equal-to 8 nM protein S. Protein S prolonged the factor Xa one-stage clotting time of protein S-depleted plasma in a do se-dependent manner. These data demonstrate mechanisms of anticoagulan t action for protein S that are independent of activated protein C and that involve direct binding to factors Xa and Va and direct inhibitio n of factor Xa.