Unavoidable and unique characteristics of the transplant surgeon's pra
ctice require difficult moral judgements. The two major areas of moral
quandary are organ procurement and organ allocation. This paper outli
nes the key ethical issues in transplantation and draws attention to s
ome of the recent literature that argues more specific issues in great
er detail. The subjects discussed include brain death, living organ do
nation, procurement policies, organ sales, distributive justice, free
riders (nondonators), duties and debts, and research.