Y. Sofue et K. Wakamatsu, A POLAR-NUCLEUS DARK LANE IN THE BARRED SPIRAL M83 - 3-DIMENSIONAL ACCRETION IN THE NUCLEUS, The Astronomical journal, 107(3), 1994, pp. 1018
The central region of the barred spiral galaxy M83 reveals a polar-nuc
leus dust lane, which extends from the NE molecular bar and crosses th
e central bulge. Its SW counterpart is not visible, being hidden behin
d the bulge. This asymmetry, in spite of the galaxy's face-on orientat
ion and the symmetric bar structure in the CO line emission, indicates
that the dark lane is an off-plane structure. Such a ''polar-nucleus'
' structure can be formed by a noncoplanar, three-dimensional accretio
n in a warped disk.