JONES FRACTURES AND RELATED FRACTURES OF THE PROXIMAL 5TH METATARSAL

At least three fracture types occur in the proximal fifth metatarsal: the Jones' fracture, the proximal diaphysial stress fracture, and the tuberosity avulsion fracture. Each has distinct characteristics. The d iaphysial stress fracture is commonly confused with the Jones' fractur e, thereby obscuring vital differences in prognosis and treatment. Ana tomical and biomechanical characteristics, as well as vascular studies of the proximal portion of the fifth metatarsal, are discussed in an attempt to better understand their diverse healing potentials. Guideli nes for treatment are controversial, and must frequently be individual ized. Although surgical intervention for certain proximal fifth metata rsal fracture types may speed recovery time, most fractures heal with immobilization. Treatment of displaced, intra-articular fractures, del ayed unions, and nonunions usually requires operative methods.