K. Chiba et al., CARBOXYLATION OF ACTIVE METHYLENE-COMPOUNDS USING ANILIDE, POTASSIUM CARBONATE, AND CARBON-DIOXIDE, Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 67(2), 1994, pp. 452-454
Active methylene compounds were effectively carboxylated with carbon d
ioxide in the presence of anilide (acetanilide or formanilide) and pot
assium carbonate at 20-40-degrees-C for 0.5-10 h. In the carboxylation
of fluorene, a high yield (48%) was obtained at 20-degrees-C for 4 h.
The yield of carboxylic acid using 2,6-dimethylacetanilide was 8.9%,
and smaller than 26.6% when using acetanilide at 20-degrees-C for 2 h,
indicating the interference of a methyl group for the carboxylation.