Cm. Barone et al., ACHONDROPLASIA - PRESURGICAL AND POSTSURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR MIDFACE ADVANCEMENT, The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal, 31(1), 1994, pp. 74-77
Achondroplasia, the most common type of dwarfism, involves several phy
sical characteristics that can cause pre- and intraoperative respirato
ry problems. The characteristics include rib-cage deformities, midface
hypoplasia, choanal stenosis, muscular hypotonia, foramen magnum comp
ression, and cervical abnormalities. Specific pre- and postoperative s
trategies for dealing with achondroplastic dwarfs are discussed.