During the last several years basic research has resulted in the ident
ification of many of the factors involved in signal transduction pathw
ays, leading us to a greater understanding of the mechanisms of growth
control in breast cancer cells. Many of these factors are the product
s of proto-oncogenes or suppressor genes. This review describes the ro
le of some of these factors in breast cancer development, progression,
and metastasis and discusses implications for future directions.